@article {6, title = {Potential Distribution Predicted for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in China under Different Climate Warming Scenarios}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {e0141111}, abstract = {

As the primary pest of palm trees, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has caused serious harm to palms since it first invaded China. The present study used CLIMEX 1.1 to predict the potential distribution of R. ferrugineus in China according to both current climate data (1981\–2010) and future climate warming estimates based on simulated climate data for the 2020s (2011\–2040) provided by the Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research (TYN SC 2.0). Additionally, the Ecoclimatic Index (EI) values calculated for different climatic conditions (current and future, as simulated by the B2 scenario) were compared. Areas with a suitable climate for R. ferrugineus distribution were located primarily in central China according to the current climate data, with the northern boundary of the distribution reaching to 40.1\°N and including Tibet, north Sichuan, central Shaanxi, south Shanxi, and east Hebei. There was little difference in the potential distribution predicted by the four emission scenarios according to future climate warming estimates. The primary prediction under future climate warming models was that, compared with the current climate model, the number of highly favorable habitats would increase significantly and expand into northern China, whereas the number of both favorable and marginally favorable habitats would decrease. Contrast analysis of EI values suggested that climate change and the density of site distribution were the main effectors of the changes in EI values. These results will help to improve control measures, prevent the spread of this pest, and revise the targeted quarantine areas.

}, doi = {doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141111}, author = {Xuezhen Ge and Shanyong He and Tao Wang and Wei Yan and Shixiang Zong} } @conference {4, title = {Continuous Rearing of the Red Palm Weevils, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1970) on Sugarcane in Laboratory for Biological Studies (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is a very destructive insect pest to plants under the family of Palmacea such as dates palm, coconut tree, sago palm as well as oil palm. Many studies conducted on RPW required large numbers of weevils of various stages, hence rearing is needed to solve the problem. In this study, RPW reared on sugarcane in the laboratory for several generations to facilitate biological studies of this tissue-boring pest. The rearing was conducted at National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor. Adult weevils collected from the field by using pheromone trapping method. The adult weevils supplied with stems of sugarcane for food and they were also oviposited on it. The larvae were fed on stems of sugarcane until pupation. The length and size of the sugarcane stems were propotional to the size of the larva. Data on the duration of developmental life stages were recorded. The larvae fully developed on sugarcane and molted 8 times within the mean of 70 days. The larvae were able to construct cocoons due to the availability of fibers in the sugarcane. Sugarcane is the best diet to be used in the mass laboratory rearing of RPW in Malaysia.

}, keywords = {Laboratory, rearing, Red Palm Weevil, sugarcane}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C1215040}, author = {Norzainih, J. J. and Harris, M. N. and Nurul Wahida, O. and Salmah, Y. and Norefrina Shafinaz, M. N.} }